Sentence examples for costs of mutations from inspiring English sources

Fitness costs of mutations affecting the systemic acquired resistance pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Consequently, the low selective advantage of escape variants in epitopes targeted by protective CTL responses could either be due to protective CTL responses being inherently weak or due to high fitness costs of mutations in these epitopes.

Physiological costs of mutations that greatly increase gene expression, such as these, may constrain their utility for adaptive evolution.

The concordance between intrahost variation and patterns of conservation across HIV-1 group M hints at universal fitness costs of mutations.

Moreover, fitness costs of mutations in rplA/rpsT correlated with changes in predicted mRNA free energy, albeit weakly (Lind et al., 2010).

Since reproducible intrapatient diversity likely reflects fitness costs of mutations in vivo, our results provide a direct justification for this approach.

Such an approach would improve the effectiveness of the protocol and reduce the costs of mutation screening.

The answers to these questions depend on the relative costs of mutation accumulation and of delaying the production of differentiated cells.

Strategy 8 (direct mutation testing) was found to be cost-effective when the costs of mutation tests for probands were halved – this gives an indication that as costs of mutation testing decrease (including through next generation sequencing), tumour-based tests IHC, MSI and BRAF V600E may no longer be necessary for cost-effective diagnosis.

The advent of NGS allows the costs of mutation analysis to fall dramatically, which should allow testing to become more widely available, especially in countries with limited healthcare resources, like South Africa.

It has been proposed the major cost of mutations and mistranslation comes from dealing with mis-folded proteins [ 33].