To ameliorate the cost of array fabrication, small unmodified oligonucleotides have been successfully spotted on conventional surfaces [13], [21], [22] or on surfaces modified for better adsorption of molecules [23] on both trial and genome-wide scales [23], [24].
As the number of microarray platforms available for non-traditional model species is continually increasing [axolotl: [ 39], dolphin: [ 40], butterfly: [ 41, 42], coral: [ 43], many fish species, for review: [ 44], crustaceans: [ 45- 47]], researchers focusing on these and related model systems will continue to benefit from the relatively low cost of array hybridizations.
Recently, a novel parasitic array architecture has been developed [21 23], which can significantly decrease the size and cost of arrays, thus making their integration in handheld terminals feasible.
The cost of arrays, associated reagents, and labor was less than $1.00 per mapped data point, which is much less than that for SSR and RFLP markers.
In sharp contrast, sample sizes in most genomic (expression arrays, CGH, SAGE) experiments to date appear to have been determined by the limited number of frozen samples available and the cost of arrays.
The common practice of hybridising samples with no technical replication (i.e. one replicate of each sample per experiment) is a result of the relatively high cost of arrays, the perceived improvement in array manufacturing quality, and the difficulties of obtaining sufficient amounts of high quality mRNA from some clinical samples.
Over the next several years, I'll make about $6,000 in profit after subtracting the original capital costs of the array.
The smuggler made the migrants pay back the 1,000 dinar for which they were each purchased, as well as the price of the boat trip to Europe and the costs of an array of other "services," such as accommodation, transport to and from safe houses, life jackets and telephone communications.
While the costs of 'boutique' array fabrication are rapidly declining, familiar methods for the analysis of the data they create are still missing.
The fabrication costs of nanowire arrays can be reduced by about 500 times when AAO templates, prepared from the AA1050 alloy, are used instead of those usually formed from expensive high purity Al.
The costs of boutique arrays are approaching those of many standard ecological procedures, and the information they provide will allow ecological researchers the ability to characterize early stages in an organisms' response to environmental changes.
