Commercial CCD systems lack the timing information whereas other electronic microchannel plate (MCP) read-out schemes usually suffer from a low acquisition rate and complicated and sometimes costly read-out electronics.
These approaches often involve using the high-throughput and high-accuracy short read data to correct errors in the long reads, in order to reduce the required amount of more costly long-read sequence data and to salvage the relatively long, but more error-prone, subreads.
In addition to being less costly, longer reads were easier and more probably to be mapped into correct transcript sequences than shorter ones, especially for the higher plant species which contain more gene family members.
This alignment is costly for long reads but has a clear optimization function, as read errors are corrected by the best voting correction in the MSA.
In, say, 1985, I opened the box of our first VCR -- that hulking, costly novelty -- read the manual and set it up.
But in the aftermath of the Madoff scandal many investors are loth to put their money with any fund that does not have rigorous (read: costly) compliance and reporting schemes.
At a time when public budgets and political will show no appetite for the kinds of massive (read: costly) governmental infrastructure needed to transfer water supplies to places where they don't exist, such localized, low-cost concentration offers even more evidence for the Motor City's eventual and promising rebirth.
Notice that this also reduces costly IO associated with reading the graph from disk, and/or the IO involved in sending the data from the CPU to GPU, or across the network in a distributed architecture, etc. Afterwards, the graph reader would proceed as usual reading the edges, etc.
When I read "In Costly Cancer Drug, Hope and a Dilemma" ("The Evidence Gap" series, front page, July 6), I didn't know whether to cry or balk.
Since reads are costly, we also investigated the depth of sequencing required for the two platforms' performance to be comparable.
