Exact(8)
In such cases, costly behavior towards relatives may develop.
Expressing admiration of those who adhere to social norms one accepts is often not costly behavior for an individual, but rather a pleasant activity.
Health plans win by reducing costly behavior through prevention and lifestyle changes.
Here we report 18 cases of adoption, a highly costly behavior, of orphaned youngsters by group members in Taï forest chimpanzees.
To elucidate some of the specific conditions that elicit altruism towards unrelated group members in chimpanzee social groups, we report here about regular adoption, a highly costly behavior, of young orphans by group members in forest chimpanzees in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire.
In addition, preening is an energetically costly behavior [ 21] that takes a substantial portion of a bird's time budget [ 22].
Similar(52)
A tax on tanning can effectively change unhealthy and costly behaviors.
In a 2012 survey, the FINRA Investor Education Foundation found that nearly half of military families said they engage in costly behaviors such as paying the minimum balance on a credit card, incurring late fees or using cash advances.
Individuals cooperate by engaging in costly behaviors that can be exploited by other individuals who benefit by avoiding these associated costs.
To overcome this concern, Waltari and Edwards (2002) studied 14 introns from 19 flighted and flightless birds and 1 nonflying relative, the American alligator; their result suggested that the evolution of intron size is consistent with neutral Brownian motion and that there was no significant correlation between intron size and metabolically costly behaviors such as flight.
Altruism is here meant in the restricted sense of biological or evolutionary altruism—"costly helping" behavior that decreases fitness (Allchin 2009a, p. 592), not behavior with an "intent to help" more generally (which is often termed "psychological" altruism).
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