For each pilot project, we developed a standardized "REDD+ cost elements" analytical excel-based tool to separately estimate the opportunity costs, implementation, transaction and institutional costs.
Alignment of interventions – alignment of the technical, managerial, and cost elements of Avahan programs with government norms so as to facilitate transition.
As the nuisance of coming into the clinic for drug administration is considered more substantial than the cost of G-CSF, the administration and unit cost elements of the cost function are given weight of 2 and 1, respectively.
It should have referred to the housing cost element of universal credit, not housing benefit.
"Weight in this sense is not just a cost element but also a very real element of aircraft performance.
Drawing on the financial accounts of the big outsourcing companies, Farnsworth calculated the direct above-cost element of procurement at £15bn out of a total spend of £238bn.
Yet successive UK governments persist in considering only the narrow cost element, without taking account of wider considerations such as unemployment.
Problems highlighted by Brake include: Failure to pay, or abruptly ceasing without warning to pay, the housing cost element of universal credit to private landlords on behalf of vulnerable claimants, leaving them at risk of eviction.
"Larger households with children will be most at risk of this measure so child poverty may worsen – our current understanding is that it will be the housing costs element that will be reduced when the cap is reached".
It was particularly effective because it was pragmatic and bipartisan, Schroeder said, adding that "it took a long time, but step by step the cost element helped to win over conservatives".
