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In order to produce CLA, Hosseini et al. [28] use sunflower oil and castor oil as cost-effective substrates, convert sunflower oil and castor oil to free fatty acids by using bacterial (Lactobacillus plantarum) lipase at different conditions.
Therefore, from a practical point of view for graphene electronics, it is necessary to develop alternative, cost-effective substrates with high surface phonon energy and with which it is easy to obtain a large sized film with good reproducibility and uniformity.
The reflection measurement geometry has the advantages of a stronger absorption (due to the doubling of the path length) and cost-effective substrates.
Tissue microarrays have been developed to provide cost-effective substrates for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumours and are particularly useful in breast cancer analysis, as shown in several previous reports (Kallioniemi et al, 2001; Ginestier et al, 2002; Bertucci et al, 2004; Charpin et al, 2004).
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In the current study rice straw hydrolysate (RSH) was employed as a cost-effective substrate for PHB production.
The selection of a cost-effective substrate to produce biosurfactants is thus particularly crucial for large-scale production, as different types of carbon sources are reported to markedly influence the concentration of biosurfactant compounds produced.
Compared with optical pure lactate, the low price and large sources of racemic lactate make it become a more cost-effective substrate to produce pyruvate.
Considering the versatile applications of P. putida KT2440 in biocatalysis, it is rather desirable to prepare efficient biocatalyst from a more cost-effective substrate, such as glycerol, with the required enzymes iLDHs.
Although the concentrations of pyruvate and 2-OBA reported here were lower than these previous reports, this work disclosed a novel biocatalyst which could be prepared with glycerol as a more cost-effective substrate.
bath temperature, deposition time and current density to deposit densely packed and vertically aligned ZnO nanorod thin films on cost effective substrate, i.e. steel, by electrodeposition technique.
Initially, Plackett- Burman design was used for screening 11 nutritional parameters for inulinase production including inulin containing weeds as cost effective substrate.
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