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It will have to do so efficiently in cost terms.
"The worry for older workers is that it makes them less attractive in real cost terms".
Once this has been determined, volume can be expressed in cost terms.
The CIO cites research by local government IT body Socitm that found many outsourcing arrangements proved more expensive than initially predicted, adding that many don't compare "terribly favourably" in cost terms to most of the best-run in-house services.
The variety of budgeting methods is extended to the types of efficiency measures used to increase value for money and to the alternative methods of projecting expenditures in cash, volume, and cost terms.
Cost measures, however, merely reflect the cost of a given input; controlling public expenditure in cost terms without taking full account of the relative price effect's change may lead to inappropriate volume responses or, more commonly, spiraling costs as existing input volume is maintained.
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Detailed description of each cost term and constraint is presented hereafter.
This is achieved through a non-linear cost term in the objective function.
The relevance of is estimated via the objective function that combines a computational cost term with an accuracy index.
There should also be an energetic cost, termed the cost of calcification, to precipitate CaCO3 from bicarbonate and calcium ions in the coccolith vesicle.
The recurrence for also differs in the cost term, where we use the affine cost of the duplicate-invert operation.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com