There is a strong economic argument for meeting that cost: studies have shown that spending on sanitation infrastructure can yield a fivefold return on investment, while inadequate sanitation can sap as much as seven per cent of G.D.P. per year.
Yesterday's ruling, which overturned existing rates set from 1997 to 1999 using cost studies prepared by Verizon, was the first of its kind by a state public service commission and was expected to be influential in other states.
The author of one study, Dr. Edmond Bendaly, an oncologist in Marion, Ind., said cost studies had been hampered by the ethical and practical difficulties of signing up dying patients for trials that might provide disparate care.
Data sources: Recently published cost studies in seven European countries.
The review showed that cost studies adopted different approaches to estimate costs of AD, reflecting a lack of consensus on the methodology of cost studies.
However, better population-based cost studies are needed to assess the cost involved with TTH.
This explains the variety in results sometimes observed when looking at different external transport cost studies.
To increase its credibility, closer agreement among researchers on the methodological principles of cost studies would be desirable.
Secondly, cost studies relating to AD were systematically reviewed, focussing on an analysis of the different methods used.
In the literature, only few cost studies are available and provide discordant cost estimates for the management of metastatic recurrences.
The costs for the diagnosis and treatment of HPV-related diseases were based on German cost studies and a German health technology assessment report (Table 3) [18, 31].
