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GRDI, RETE, electricity cost, particle emissions and waste generation ratings were observed to be dependent on the ore characteristics and therefore their values varied with different feed ore grades.
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Moreover, acoustic resonator devices can be integrated with CMOS interface circuitry to obtain sensitive, robust, low-power and low-cost particle detectors for a variety of applications including outdoor environmental monitoring.
On the Blue Gene/L architecture, the additional computational cost of particle suspensions of up to 40% solid volume fraction (here over a million particles) is negligible compared with the fluid-only code.
Froth flotation is a widely used, cost effective particle separation process.
One may argue that the heavy cost of particle filters is not a significant obstacle due to the rapid improvement of computing power, for example, in personal desktop computers.
Preserving the cost of particles after resampling helps to shift particles toward local minima of the cost function.
Using the fitness function, the cost of particles is evaluated according to their positions.
While the numerical costs of particle filters are high in general, their accuracy (in theory) can achieve any degree desired.
In [44], a cost-reference particle filtering (CRPF) method has been proposed, which can be seen as a generalization of the standard particle filter.
The article also highlights the robustness of a particular filter, namely the cost-reference particle filter, to model inaccuracies which are typical in any practical filtering algorithm.
The low-cost phosphor particles are about 50 nm in average diameter and have about 10% size dispersion.
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