Because of the physical properties and the relatively low cost of strain memory alloys it is actually possible to manufacture complete components from this family of materials, and the materials can be tailored in terms of physical as well as transformation properties using alloying chemistry and prior deformation of austenite in the ausforming temperature range.
In some settings, the substantial cost of strain manufacture may represent a major barrier to the development of an NTS challenge strain and, as such, significant financial investment and collaboration by funders and/or industrial partners would be required.
However, because of their sensitivity to the magnetic fields, inadequate long-term durability especially in harsh environments, difficulties in installation on existing structures, and maintenance cost, installation of strain gauges is not always possible for all structural components.
Washington would have to weigh the importance of finding what it considers an ideal candidate for the post against the costs of straining relations with European allies.
These unintended consequences have easy to quantify costs (the costs of straining them out of water treatment plants), as well as those that are more difficult to quantify (the costs of a dead bird or a dead fish).
Similar experiments with macro-parasites in vertebrates suggest that increased virulence could be the result of the costs of strain-specific immunity and an increased call on resources (Read and Taylor 2001).
Sentences expand, even at the cost of some strain, in order to absorb as much of Berlin as possible: "I had no trouble seeing the justice of Manfred's criticisms when we discussed Rosen-Montag over cigarettes by the Hansa warehouse slated to become a children's clinic".
In this sense, it has been shown that an increase or decrease of MWL can be compensated to some degree by the investment of additional resources, thus maintaining performance at the cost of individual strain (Hancock & Warm, 2003; Matthews & Davies, 2001).
The gains, often unheralded, have allowed mobile network operators to continue selling unlimited broadband packages to customers who, despite their often voracious data habits, have been spared from sharing the cost of the strains being put on the system.
The high cost of fuel has strained the safety net that helps poor people pay for fuel.
The four, who have been held since July, were negotiating the price of iron ore with steel mills, the rising cost of which has strained relations between China and Western mining companies.
