Sentence examples for cost of replication from inspiring English sources

The goal is to identify a class of nonlinear market models, which are arbitrage-free for the trading desk and, in addition, enjoy the desirable property that if a given contract can be replicated, then the cost of replication is also the fair price for the hedger.

The price for a European contingent claim is defined using either the cost of replication or the minimal cost of superhedging.

In contrast to previous research, this paper proposes a trade-off analysis between the cost of replication and the desired precision of generated solutions.

replication cost for the put option is not unique and the minimal cost of replication is given by the solution Y to the BSDE {dY}_{t}=sum_{i=1}^{2} xi_{t}^{i},dS^{i}_{t}, quad Y_{T}= K-S^{1}_{T}= K-S^{).

It remains to check if the tentative price, as given by the cost of replication or selected to be below the upper bound given by the minimal cost of superhedging, complies with some form of the no-arbitrage property of the extended market.

Also, to the best of our knowledge, the important issue emphasized in Step (N.3) has been completely ignored up to now, since apparently it was implicitly taken for granted that the cost of replication, as given by a solution to a suitable BSDE, is a fair price of the contract.

The relative success of a parasite that replicates is a function of the costs of replication, the strength of competition from these related (kin) parasites and the proportion of non-kin in the host.

Similarly high levels of replication have low fitness as the costs of replication act to restrict fitness.

The selective forces limiting TE abundance are thought to act against three primary consequences of TE proliferation- gene mutation by TE insertion, chromosomal rearrangement caused by ectopic recombination among dispersed copies, and the energetic burden imposed on the host arising from the costs of replication, transcription and translation of TE copies.

Consequently, if the set of all possible replication costs for a given contract is bounded from below then either (a) the lower bound for replication costs is not a replication cost and none of replication costs is a fair price or (b) the lower bound is a replication cost and it is a candidate for a maximal fair price for the contract.

First, selection for fast replication is an unlikely target, because the energetic cost of DNA replication is relatively low (below 2% of the entire energy usage) (Wagner 2005; Lynch 2006).