Experimental manipulation of these odours has been shown to cause the colony to update its template [11], [12], [13], [14], and honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies have been found to adjust the breadth of the template with the frequency with which intruders are encountered and the costs of recognition errors [15], [16].
Although the costs of recognition errors vary among species and through time, the trade-off between them is thought to lead to an optimal acceptance threshold that dictates whether an individual accepts or rejects in a given encounter (Reeve 1989).
Years later, Mr. Kaunda talked about losing a son to AIDS and the cost of delayed recognition of the AIDS problem.
Finally, spending less on training was the opportunity cost of the recognition that training was not the be-all and end-all of public management: to some extent spending migrated to support for programme budgeting, 'results oriented management', performance management and so on.
Another major limitation is that the selection of the target is unlikely to be guided only by the two conditions of cost and fear of recognition.
The current paper discusses the costs of making recognition mistakes within the context of generalization of predators and dangerous habitats versus generalization of non-predators and safe habitats and highlights the asymmetry in which amphibians incorporate information related to safe versus risky cues in their decision-making.
For groups without casino investors, the rising cost of seeking federal recognition can be daunting.
All the delays are positive, ensuring that no future context is used and thus reducing the total latency of the system at the cost of slightly lower recognition accuracy.
This has been our turn, the cost of a little recognition of our individuality.
Like the works of Roth and Ellison, Lethem's novel stands up to close scrutiny: It is full of humor and tenderness; it is lyrical, but that lyricism comes with a cost: the recognition of the betrayal of history in one's own search to achieve her dreams.
