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The West must make the cost of interference prohibitive.The blithe outside view is that existing sanctions have forced Mr Putin to back down.
This may lead to slight degradation in CR user's throughput operating at the cost of interference avoidance.
In the following, we use α to measure the fitness cost of interference.
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Costs of Interference with Price, Distribution and Access Mechanisms.
In this study, smaller spiders may abandon their webs to reduce the detrimental costs of interference competition.
This fact would allow combining several beneficial mutations in the same genome, alleviating in this way the costs of interference [ 61].
To avoid the interference between simultaneous communication tasks, one may consider the penalty of infinity cost for the case of interference and zero otherwise.
It illustrates that the higher data rate of FBSs can be achieved at the cost of increasing interference to MUEs.
However, decreasing that probability comes at a cost of increased interference, as function of the beamformer used, as will be explained in the next Section of the paper.
It can achieve the maximum Doppler diversity without sacrificing spectral efficiency, at the cost of mutual interference among the data streams.
For example, in a color word Stroop task in which the intervals between the irrelevant (color) and relevant (word) stimulus dimensions were predictable rather than random, subjects were able to strategically allocate attention in time to reduce the cost of Stroop interference (Appelbaum, Boehler, Won, Davis, & Woldorff, 2012).
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