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Throughout this 10-year programme, the cost of instruments, staff and maintenance is likely to rise from 8 million yuan a year to about 150 million yuan.
But the cost of implanting a pacemaker, removing a gall bladder or replacing a hip heavily depends on the cost of instruments and implants that industry charges hospitals at a premium.
Scalability is increasingly important for these analysis services, since the cost of instruments such as next-generation sequencing machines is rapidly decreasing [1].
Yet unmet therapeutic needs were further challenged by the complex content and psychometric information of the updated instruments, including increased administrative burden associated with demanding training and cost of instruments, and small effect size associated with responsiveness to patient concerns.
Because of the high cost of instruments, expensive maintenance, lack of expertise, and less-than-ideal operational conditions, utilization of these techniques are not practical in low-income countries.
The prices quoted don't include the cost of instruments; Roche LightCycler® 480 II (18,000$), BACTEC MGIT 960 (38,950$) and HAIN twincubator (3,335$).> 6 hours; 4 minutes was the entire time to run 241 clinical specimens using Real time PCR assay in 6 runs giving an average time to detection for each run 1 hour; 40 minutes for identification of MTB, M. avium, M. kansasii or negative.
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Although Esa will be contributing 50m euros, the national governments of winning scientists will almost certainly be backing the projects as well, perhaps funding the cost of instrument development.
In South Africa, the successful Panleucogate/EPICS XL-MCL cytometer-based national CD4 counting program (10) provides absolute and percentage CD4 counts at an equivalent reagent price of $3 per test with the manufacturer covering the cost of instrument installation, maintenance, training, and quality assurance.
The life span of buildings was estimated at 20 years with an annual depreciation of 5%, costs of instruments, transportation/vehicles have been determined at a life span of 5 years with an annual depreciation of 20%.
The advantages and disadvantages of centralized versus decentralized models would need to be considered for such a program taking into account the costs of instruments and their maintenance together with practicalities of sample and/or patient transport and results dissemination.
The quandary for many ministries of health is that it was understood that using these diagnostic tools improved patient outcomes, but the costs of the tests were prohibitive (even before the costs of instrument purchase, staff, maintenance, and infrastructure support are added in).
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cost of acts
cost of questionnaires
pricing of instruments
cost of conditions
cost of techniques
cost of investments
cost of measures
worth of instruments
maintenance of instruments
amount of instruments
cost of measurements
size of instruments
burden of instruments
cost of institutions
cost of papers
cost of tools
cost of existing
cost of machinery
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com