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However, liquid inhibitors are usually not satisfactory due to the high cost of fluid dosing system and the bad performance during the mixing process.
The cost of fluid fragrance samples - less than 50 cents to as much as $4 - has led some in the industry to predict that manufacturers will be more guarded in distributing such samples in the future while increasing the number of cheaper sampling devices: the scented inserts and what are called scentstrips.
The approximate cost of PD per day in developing countries includes cost of fluid (US$24 to 27), catheter (Stylet-US$6.6 and flexible Tenckhoff US$30) and cost effective implantation charges.
The cost of fluid infusions per patient was119 vs. 95 $ (Dextran 70 vs. LR), while the cost-effectiveness ratio (the cost of successfully treating one patient with Dextran 70 or LR) was 188 (119 × 19 /12) and 114 (95 × 18/15) $ to avoid complications requiring treatment in the dextran and LR group of patients, respectively.
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A major contributor to cost differences between CRRT and IRRT was the cost of fluids.
For example, the cost of CRRT in our study was significantly influenced by the cost of fluids and therefore the rate of their use.
Both Norway and Sweden have reduced the direct costs of fluid storage by storing petroleum products in underground chambers, thus eliminating the maintenance cost for frequent repainting of steel tanks in a surface facility.
Nanomaterials in drilling fluid systems are expected to reduce the total solids and/or chemical content of such drilling fluid systems and hence to reduce the overall cost of drilling fluid system development (Hossain and Al-Majed 2015).
The strategy presented in this paper can successfully resolve the issue that the initial cost of antifreeze fluid was high when all-glass evacuated tube collectors are used in solar heating systems in severely cold areas.
The one-way transfer of information from the fluid simulation to the structure has two important advantages with respect to a fully coupled simulation: a single rigid-body motion computation can be reused for subsequent analyses after the structure has been redesigned, and cost of the fluid dynamic simulation is not increased due to iteration which is required in coupled simulations.
While, in principle, the intraphase conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy, and their initial and boundary conditions can be written, the cost of detailed fluid flow and heat transfer analysis with explicit treatment of these internal structures with complex geometry and irregular shape often is prohibitive, if not impossible.
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