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This will help to streamline and speed up the process of re-letting, and reduce the cost of duplicating resources and time.
By passing around everything from socks to sports equipment, children save their parents the cost of duplicating a great many of life's necessities.
The lowered cost of duplicating ornamental cast-iron components and the introduction of structural steel parts expanded the usage of ironwork to the modest building, whereas it had been generally confined to public or monumental structures.
The first two terms in the cost reflect the affine cost of duplicating an entire substring of length j k - i1 + 1, and the second term reflects the cost of deletions made to that substrings.
In this model, the cost of duplicating a string of length m with an inversion of a substring of length ℓ is Δ1 + mΔ2 + Θ, for some non-negative monotonically increasing cost function Θ.
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In the field of patent affairs, where the "novelty search" has a similar significance, it is estimated that the cost of duplicate research due to irrelevant information retrieval amounts to about €20 billion a year in Europe alone (European Patent Office 2009).
In a report published on Sunday, Professor Patrick Dunleavy at the London School of Economics estimated that the initial transition costs of duplicating core Westminster functions would be just £200m, although hundreds of millions of pounds more would be needed to build the necessary government IT systems.
Lemma 3. Given a source string x, a target string y, If the cost of duplication is 1 per duplicate operation, and the cost of deletion is 1 per delete operation, then (x, y ) = d x, y ).
And the compliance costs of duplicate accounting, the bulk of which investors ultimately bear, will disappear.Related items Insurance: Black box bluesJul 24th 2008 Paradise lostMay 15th 2008 International accounting: Speaking in tonguesMay 17th 2007Accountants point to other benefits.
The record will improve the knowledge available to healthcare providers, and thus prevent errors, cut costs of duplicate services and excessive testing, and support better healthcare services.
We next consider a more general cost model for duplication in which the cost of a duplicate operation δ x (s, t, p) is Δ1 + (t - s + 1) Δ2 (i.e., the cost is affine in the number of duplicated characters).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com