The proposed approach considers both technical- and business-level criteria, while existing works consider only QoS attributes and cost for resource provisioning.
Drug toxicities are unavoidable unless new less toxic ARVs are produced and made available at affordable cost for resource-limited settings.
Unit costs for resources were allowed a potential variability of ± 5%.
Growing costs for resources, and international public policies that incentivize re-use and recycling, will accelerate this trend.
The price for the produced biogas is determined by current subsidies, so it is the input and output side where the business case can be influenced, creating higher incomes by reducing the costs for resources and residues.
The input necessary for this comparative modeling and optimization includes the mass and energy balances, the investment and operating costs for the considered technologies, the costs for resources and utilities, the cost of products and services, as well as the constraints regarding resource supply and product/service demand.
i) Design A COI study was developed following an ingredients-based approach where unit costs for resources are multiplied by the quantity used.
All unit costs for resources were taken from nationally published sources, and reported in pounds at 2005 prices (Curtis and Netten, 2005; British National Formulary, 2006).
Fig. 1 Decision tree diagram for patients at high-risk of ulceration, diabetic foot and related outcomes > A COI study was developed following an ingredients-based approach where unit costs for resources are multiplied by the quantity used.
In Chile costs for resources were obtained from CIGES 2008 (Centro de Capacitación, Investigación y Gestión para la Salud Basada en Evidencias (2008) Ministerio de Salud de Chile) and (Temuco: Universidad de La Frontera. Unpublished data) and unit costs for hearing sequelae were obtained from Garantías Explícitas en Salud [ 50].
