No large long term RCTs have evaluated the clinical and cost effectiveness outcomes of these newer techniques.
Cost effectiveness outcomes are expressed in terms of incremental costs per ulcer-free day (cost effectiveness analysis) and incremental costs per quality adjusted life years (cost utility analysis).
The original efficacy or effectiveness trial was sought to replace trials that reported cost effectiveness outcomes, and no publication date restrictions were applied.
Power calculations (see following section) have been based on clinical rather than cost effectiveness outcomes, which will be estimated rather than used in hypothesis testing.
In addition the follow-up data at 14 days and 3 months will allow for full health economic analysis, providing cost effectiveness outcomes.
Cost effectiveness outcomes exist for other HIV-related programming, representing a wide array of interventions, including treatment, prevention and palliative care.
Univariate deterministic sensitivity analysis identified a range of possible cost effectiveness outcomes, in terms of the incremental cost per case of active TB, for all variables (table 5 and 6).
Data synthesis A hybrid decision tree and Markov model was developed to simulate the short term and long term effects of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm compared with no systematic screening on clinical and cost effectiveness outcomes.
Given the paucity of evidence currently available, primary research to consider clinical and cost effectiveness outcomes of MDT approaches to organising maternity care for pregnant and postnatal women with these conditions is urgently needed.
When the cost effectiveness outcomes were analysed by parity, planned birth at home in nulliparous low risk women was associated with significant cost savings and a significant increase in adverse perinatal outcomes; bootstrapped incremental cost effectiveness ratios largely fell in the south west quadrant of the cost effectiveness plane (representing, on average, reduced costs and worse outcomes).
When we analysed the cost effectiveness outcomes by parity, all bootstrapped incremental cost effectiveness ratios for planned birth at home in nulliparous low risk women without complicating conditions fell in the south west quadrant of the cost effectiveness plane (less costly, less effective) (fig 2).
