Given the impact that such effects have on patients' daily lives and the importance of these quality-of-life effects on cost-effectiveness, further empirical study is necessary to understand the preference-weighted quality of life impact of these effects, their costs, and their consequences.
Therefore whether ARBs are actually equivalent to ACE inhibitors for protective effects, as well as for cost effectiveness, deserves further research.
LH points in the direction of cost effectiveness, however further research is warranted with a broader costs perspective including long term effects as societal benefit, quality of life and survival.
Cost effectiveness was further analysed with acceptability curves.
Whether the effect is durable, or can be related to improved patient outcome or cost effectiveness will require further research.
Finally, in 2015, the need for cost effectiveness increased even further, as a result of the industry downturn.
What the best strategy in this group of women will be, also in terms of cost effectiveness, needs to be further studied.
18 For the same Monte Carlo simulation used to construct the cost effectiveness acceptability curve we further calculated the expected cost of uncertainty (expected value of perfect information surrounding the decision).
Lastly, cost has been cited as a prohibitive factor, yet Sonn and colleagues point out that while image-guided biopsy may seem more expensive, as it requires MRIs and new devices, the consequences of missed diagnoses on systematic biopsy or overtreatment due to the ambiguity of results must be taken into account when assessing cost effectiveness [ 40], and further studies are required.
Intervention cost effectiveness results for two further cardiovascular risk factors unhealthy diet and physical inactivity have recently been reported elsewhere for a set of (mainly middle income) countries, 11 but are not integrated into our analysis because of differences in the modelling environment adopted.
Further study of cost effectiveness and duration of treatment effect is clearly warranted.
