Our proposed modifications do not degrade the simulated results, while they lead to more robust convergence performances and cost-effective simulations.
Therein was proposed a new, simple and cost-effective simulation technique; we adopted a standard velocity-stress FDM (Virieux, 1984; Levander, 1988) and expressed cracks in a staggered grid just by arraying grid points with zero shear traction.
Agent-based simulations are increasingly popular in exploring and understanding cellular systems, but the natural complexity of these systems and the desire to grasp different modelling levels demand cost-effective simulation strategies and tools.
Simulation of CNT arrays is cost effective; however, simulation of these structures including non-uniformity is rare in the literature.
It is shown that energy transport parameters for vibrations in a complex structure may be extracted from the kind of data that might be obtained from limited and cost effective direct numerical simulations (DNS).
In that study, a probabilistic economic model showed a high probability that vaccinating high risk groups was cost effective; 98% of the simulations resulted in an incremental cost effectiveness ratio that was less than £30 000 per QALY gained.
An ICE scatter plot comparing the two most cost-effective strategies (baseline=outpatient oral vs comparator=outpatient IV) is shown in Figure 2. At a WTP threshold of $4000 per QAFNE, oral outpatient treatment was cost effective in 54% of simulations, whereas outpatient IV was cost effective in 38% of the simulations.
Providing simulation training opportunities through regional centers may make simulation more cost effective, but the costs and benefits of this approach have not been reported previously.
Successive annual cohorts of 25 000 men were entered into the model and the probability that treatment strategies were cost effective was assessed with Monte Carlo simulation with 10 000 iterations.
At a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $4 000 per QAFNE, HomePO and HomeIV were cost effective in 54 and 38% of simulations, respectively.
Using expected values art therapy appears to be dominated by verbal therapy although there is considerable uncertainty, with art therapy being the more cost effective treatment in approximately 20%% of simulations.
