Analysis of raw material cost component for pullulan production suggested that sole utilization of agri-residues may lead to development of cost effective process for pullulan production.
The NaOCl/Fe2+ process utilizing a conventional oxidant, in comparison to hydrogen peroxide, is an efficient cost effective process for COD removal from real wastewater, although the removal efficiency is not as high as in Fenton process; however it is a suitable process to replace Fenton process in industrial scale for wastewater involved aromatic compounds with high COD.
In fact, hydrogenases are expected to directly play a central role, or to further inspire the work of synthetic chemists, in the design and development of cost-effective processes for H2 production and activation.
Alternative energy initiatives have now rekindled enormous interest in the development of new and cost-effective processes for converting plant-derived biomass to liquid fuels.
However, breakthrough technologies are still needed to overcome the several barriers to developing cost-effective processes for converting biomass to fuels and chemicals [ 1].
Identifying new high-performance enzymes or enzyme complexes to enhance biomass degradation is the key for the development of cost-effective processes for ethanol production.
However, in order to develop cost-effective processes for converting biomass to fuels and chemicals several technical barriers related to biomass recalcitrance, such as attainment of minimal biomass pretreatments matched to active enzymes, still need to be overcome [ 1].
Although many more studies are needed to understand in detail the substrate modifications promoted by CBMs, the fact that they can enhance cellulose hydrolysis yields at low cellulase loadings, is clearly very important for development of cost-effective processes of cellulose saccharification, which is one of the major bottlenecks for cellulosic bioethanol production.
Extrapolating the properties of individual CNTs into macro-scale CNT materials using a continuous and cost effective process offers enormous potential for a variety of applications.
We need an infusion of entrepreneurial spirit to develop a cost-effective process for collecting and recycling polyethylene bags or a process for modifying the plastic in bags so it degrades in landfills.
An appropriate atomizer enables centrifugal granulation to become a better cost-effective process for particle production.
