Strategically, law enforcement authorities seek the most cost effective action to disrupt or collapse a crime network.
To be effective in the medical context three minimum criteria are required: firstly, clinically significant changes in the condition are possible over time; secondly, an objective test exists that reliably detects these changes; and finally a cost effective action in response to the test result is possible[ 13].
Given the uncertainty and surprise involved in such cases, we find that optimal decisions tend to favor actions that avoid irreversible outcomes instead of conventional cost-effective actions.
This will enable the design of cost-effective actions to curb the growing burden of cancer related to excess body weight.
Going forward it will be important to have a more holistic view of emission sources and to assess the most cost-effective actions to achieve the desired air quality improvements.
Socio-ecological models predict that weed control, the planting of trees and shrubs, the addition of litter and timber, and the addition of rocks are likely to be the most cost-effective actions for improving reptile and beetle species richness.
The software tool can then be used to define the most appropriate and cost-effective actions, to elaborate consistent refurbishment scenarios and calculate a reasonable investment budget in the early stages of a refurbishment project.
Engineers and researchers have developed complex methods to improve energy efficiency, but buildings are often managed by non-specialised technicians who need understandable and cost-effective actions to implement in their buildings.
Throughout the global conversations surrounding HFCs, the US State Department has stressed that the achievement of an HFC amendment to the Montreal Protocol would be "one of the most consequential and cost-effective actions that global community can take this year to combat climate change".
Oxfam believes that by investing now in earlier and more cost-effective actions, vulnerable populations can be protected from the worst impacts of the coming crisis at a much lower cost than if we waited.
