The Justice Department accused Apple of colluding with the five publishers as the Silicon Valley giant was launching its iPad in early 2010 and was seeking to break up Amazon.com's low-cost dominance in the digital book market.
Evidence for a high cost of dominance in our experimental protocol comes from both behavioral and biochemical results.
Therefore, despite Dom and Ind showing similar hyperphagia, the metabolic cost of dominance (as described in the previous section), was able to restrain food efficiency and avoid HFD-induced weigaingain.
Mars, a confectionery giant, maintains its dominance through close relationships with suppliers, relentless cost control and timeless products.
It has relatively low production costs and dominance in the European retail market, he adds.
The roles of selection intensity, gene interaction, fitness costs, and dominance (expression of resistance) are presented.
Conversely, these benefits may be offset by the increased risks for such individuals, for example from metabolic costs of dominance [37], [38], or risks they pose to others, such as their increased propensity to transmit infectious agents [7], [8], [33] or disrupt reproduction through hyper-aggressiveness [39].
This may be density-dependent because the cost of achieving dominance may be higher in larger groups.
This trade off may be quantity or density dependent since the cost of achieving dominance in larger groups is not equivalent to that in smaller groups, therefore, it is not surprising that group-size has a profound effect on the behavior and physiology of the individuals that compose it, especially among groups that cooperate together such as social insects.
While in this analysis the point estimate for cost effectiveness suggested "dominance" of larval therapy that is, larval therapy being better and cheaper than hydrogel the uncertainty associated with this result was consistent with the base case analysis suggesting no difference between larval therapy and hydrogel in terms of health benefits or costs.
The upper limit was selected for this example as lower drug costs result in dominance of the intervention (health gain with cost-savings) when delivered from mainstream GP practices.
