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The main objective of this study is to simultaneously determine the optimal production plan and overhaul schedule for the analyzed manufacturing system, in order to minimize the total cost, comprising the inventory, backlog, repair and overhaul cost, over an infinite planning horizon.
A common objective of this NP-hard optimization problem, termed as cell-to-switch assignment (CSA) in the literature, is to minimize the hybrid cost, comprising handoff cost between adjacent cells, and the cable cost between cells and switches, subject to the constraint that the call volume to be handled by a switch should not exceed its traffic handling capacity.
As seen in Table 2, hospitalization (accommodation and meals only) was an important component of cost, comprising 7 19% of total direct medical costs.
The optimal conductors' sizes are determined by minimizing an objective function (total cost comprising of conductor depreciation cost and annual cost of losses) subject to the constraints on voltage at end load points and maximum current carrying capacity of the feeder segments (branches).
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Almost half (47%) of the intervention cost comprises redeployment of existing resources including health worker time and use of hospital vehicles.
Total cost comprised capital and operation costs for: (1) treatment plant, (2) waste transfer stations, (3) waste transport and transfer vehicles and (4) waste collection bins and hospital boxes.
The finished product stockpile cost comprises stockpile holding cost, transportation holding cost, and backorder cost.
Hence, each claim cost comprises a fixed cost (theta_{0}) and a proportional part with coefficient (theta_{1}).
The morbidity-related cost comprised a 30% reduction in average productivity for 8.4 million sick people worldwide, i.e., US$1 billion.
Total cost comprised 90% of providers' and 10% patients' cost.
Total cost comprised the cost of drugs, administration, and hospital day care visits.
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