Optimal controls, being most insensitive with respect to random parameter variations, are determined by finding stochastic optimal controls, i.e., controls minimizing the expected total costs composed of the costs arising along the trajectory, the costs for the control (correction), and possible terminal costs.
We analysed the effect of tobacco smoke exposure on direct medical costs, composed of physician, therapist and hospital costs, using a two-step approach, as a large proportion of the children incurred no costs.
In addition to the direct medical costs, composed of expenses on medicines, investigations, consultation, and hospital stay, households of sick children incur non-medical expenses for transportation, food, child care, and lost income in the form of caregiver time and/or lost wages.
Costs were composed of cost of the illness and the vaccination program.
The total cost is composed of fixed setup costs for hubs and hub arcs, and of transportation costs.
end{aligned} (4.7 According to the assumptions of the model, the average total cost is composed of the following costs: I.
Each of the total costs were composed of the hospital cost, the professional cost of the obstetrician and anesthesiologists service, and the cost of the mother's time from a missed day of work according to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2003 median income for a full-time, year-round, female worker.
This incremental cost is composed of the following three elements: incremental cost medication: €427.71 (95% CI 426.25 - 429.17), incremental cost related to hospitalisations: -€48.26 (95% CI -143.11 - 55.61), and the incremental cost related to exacerbations: -5.95 (95% CI -8.76 - -3.56).
