Early utilitarian cosmopolitans like Jeremy Bentham, by contrast, defended their cosmopolitanism by pointing to the "common and equal utility of all nations".
Some cosmopolitans believe such conflict is inevitable and a necessary part of understanding what cosmopolitanism entails but that this implication is unproblematic (Ypi 2013).
South Goa is sleepier than the north but what it lacks in cosmopolitanism it makes up for in natural beauty; the beaches and fishing villages of Canacona are set in a truly stunning landscape.
On the way here I was told by local journalists and academics that the town's Main Street shows hints of cosmopolitanism, thanks to the arrival in recent years of big foreign companies such as BMW, Michelin and Fujifilm.
"London", says Tony Travers of the London School of Economics, "increasingly defines itself by having moved a step farther along the path of cosmopolitanism than anywhere else on the planet".
Born at the tail end of the 19th century and steeped in the cosmopolitanism of Jerusalem, Jawhariyyeh displayed an early gift for the lute or oud, which, in a city that loved music, gave him access to everyone high and low.
Perhaps this is amplified by cosmopolitanism, in which history, journalism, memoir, and realistic fiction make the inner lives of other people, and the contingent nature of one's own station, more palpable the feeling that "there but for fortune go I".
That helps to explain why the city's cosmopolitanism has somehow survived.
For his supporters, however, it looked like vandalisation, both of Sunni territory and of the shiny image of Lebanon as a haven of slick cosmopolitanism in a dour region.
Reading Ms Elliott's article, I could immediately sympathise with Mr Qadhi's position, trying to hold a discussion with people supporting an absurd and potentially disastrous and homicidal political standpoint because they lacked the scepticism or cosmopolitanism to resist in-group jingoism.
I suppose this constitutes a continuing tradition of diaspora, what Stalin called "rootless cosmopolitanism".
