It was so definite, so real, and yet something inside me said, 'No, this cannot be.' The corrupting effect of armed struggle and warfare!
The study, "Crisis of Competence: The Corrupting Effect of Political Activism in the University of California," is available at the website of the parent organization, the National Assn. of Scholars.
This is because a putative act of corruption of an institutional process or purpose would not be — according to my account — an act of corruption, if the putative corruptor did not intend or foresee the corrupting effect of his action, and could not reasonably have been expected to foresee this corrupting effect.
While awaiting the release of the health care ruling, the Supreme Court overturned a decision of the Montana Supreme Court that would have afforded the justices the opportunity to revisit the Citizens United decision, now that it is apparent the corrupting effect the case is having on electoral politics.
The bribe corrupts the tendering process; and it will probably have a corrupting effect on the moral character of the bribe-taker.
Further, there is a difference between an action which corrupts and which is an expression of a corrupt character, and an action which has a corrupting effect but which is in no sense under the control of the person who performed it, e.g. they did not intend to perform it or their intention to perform it was caused by some agent external to themselves.
Accordingly, his act of corruption may well not have a corrupting effect on himself.
The exception is that sub-class of corruptors who are: (a) corrupt, but not morally responsible for being so, and; (b) whose actions are an expression of their corrupted characters and also have a corrupting effect.
Nevertheless, those who are corrupted and those who corrupt may be different in respect of their intentions and beliefs concerning the corrupting effect of their actions.
And there are those corruptors who are not responsible for their corrupt character, but whose actions are: (a) an expression of their corrupted character, and; (b) actions that have a corrupting effect.
Specifically, they have chosen to perform the actions which ultimately had the corrupting effect on them, and they could have chosen otherwise.[17] In this respect, the corrupted are no different from the corruptors.
