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The acoustic oscillation and the helical mode create a pronounced rotating heat release rate perturbation at a frequency corresponding to the difference of the frequencies of the two individual mechanisms.
Twice the log-likelihood difference 2ΔlnL was compared with a χ² distribution with degrees of freedom corresponding to the difference of free parameters numbers between the two models compared.
The level of significance for these LRTs was calculated using a chi-square approximation given that twice the difference of log likelihood between the models (2ΔlnL) will asymptotically have a χ2 distribution, with a number of degrees of freedom corresponding to the difference of parameters between the nested models.
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This is informative because there is a notable correlation of unemployment across Spanish regions and since the proposed specification incorporates time dummies, the estimates of the coefficients corresponding to the differences of unemployment rates might be biased.
The ΔOFV follows a χ distribution with degrees of freedom corresponding to the difference in number of parameters between the two competing models.
Evaluation and discrimination of intermediate models was based on standard statistical theory that the change in objective function value is approximately Chi-square distributed, with degrees of freedom corresponding to the difference in number of parameters [ 19].
Given the six hydrophone coordinates, the signal of every hydrophone is shifted in time corresponding to the difference in path length of the sound wave reaching the respective hydrophone from a given direction.
To facilitate the interpretation of the regression models, added sugar intake/day was divided by 40 g, corresponding to the difference in the proportion of carious tooth surfaces associated with a 40-gram increase in added sugar intake (i.e., amount of sugar in a 12-ounce soda).
The selected area diffraction patterns obtained from two-phase regions show two clearly distinguishable halo rings and the high resolution electron microscope image shows isotropic maze patterns with two different length scales corresponding to the difference in the average atomic distance of the two amorphous phases.
The difference in the mean unadjusted inpatient costs between surgical NEC and control groups was US$32,9455, 21,160 and 6,796 per child corresponding to the difference in mean hospital days of 15, 9 and 1.5 days for the periods 6 12, 12 24 and 24 36 months of age, respectively (p < 0.01).
The results indicate that two rTS proteins with apparent molecular mass of 52.7 ± 1.8 and 47.6 ± 0.7 kDa (approximately corresponding to the difference in the predicted molecular mass of the rTSβ and γ isoforms, respectively) are present.
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