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Water filled pore space (WFPS) was calculated based on corresponding bulk densities.
The physical behaviour of thin films often remarkably deviates from that of the corresponding bulk material.
Electronic charge properties of the interfacial slabs are compared to corresponding bulk structures.
For example, a cluster of 20 or 30 atoms typically has a melting point far lower than that of the corresponding bulk.
Through sintering, the nanoparticle films acquired bandgaps similar to those of the corresponding bulk materials and became more conductive.
The coatings produced by reactive plasma spraying showed much higher microhardness and wear resistance than the corresponding bulk material.
In particular, the equilibrium phase diagram of nanoparticles differs from the corresponding bulk one.
Also, both Tgs values were lower than each corresponding bulk glass transition temperature, Tgb.
Optical properties of metal clusters are more like those of the corresponding bulk metals than like those of the constituent atoms.
Smaller particles are generally more toxic than the corresponding bulk material at the same mass concentration20,21,22, and the mobility, biological fate and bioavailability depend on size, shape, charge and other nanoparticle properties23, 24.
Medium-size clusters have properties that vary smoothly with the number of constituent particles (denoted N), but their properties, such as the melting point, differ significantly from those of the corresponding bulk.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com