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These include specification, implementation, semantics, programs, programming, correctness, abstraction and computation.
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Time may be discrete or continuous; correctness can be viewed as an abstraction of optimality.
CS 3110 covers a broad set of topics, including: alternative programming paradigms, especially functional and concurrent programming; writing and using specifications; modular programming and data abstraction; reasoning about program correctness; reasoning about system performance; and useful and efficient data structures and algorithms.
There's a reason why social justice movements care about things such as pronouns and racial slurs and calling a Nazi a Nazi and saying "abortion" out loud – it's the same reason why rightwingers, Trumpists in particular, are so eager to cast language as a frivolous abstraction and any critique as "political correctness".
Checking a Java program with TestEra involves modeling the correctness criteria for the program in Alloy and specifying abstraction and concretization translations between instances of Alloy models and Java data structures.
However, chains of specification/artifact pairings, positioned at varying degrees of abstraction, are governed by different notions of correctness.
They are increasingly part of standardized software development processes because they represent a system abstraction in which design choices relevant to the correctness of the final system are taken.
Then, correctness proofs and complexity measures are designed for the various levels of abstraction.
In particular, we show how correctness kernels can be integrated with the well-known CEGAR (CounterExample-Guided Abstraction Refinement) methodology.
At all levels of abstraction, the logical role of specification is always the same: it provides a criterion for correctness and malfunction.
This implies the correctness of the system relies on the details of hardware implementation, which effectively means C fails as a proper abstraction for these systems.
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