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Aid's negative effects on quality of tax systems are robust to correcting for potential reverse causality, to changes in the sample, and to alternative estimation methods.
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Further, we scrutinized the results for potential reverse causality of these associations.
The pre-post measurement controls for potential reverse causality and factors that do not change within cities over time.
Adjustment for estimated peak pre-morbid ability helped to counteract potential reverse causality.
High cholesterol may be a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer but results have been inconsistent and subject to potential "reverse causality" where undetected disease modifies cholesterol prior to diagnosis.
The presence of unobservable factors and potential reverse causality in CABG markets where patients may search for the health care provider based on quality may bias these estimates.
This underlines the importance of the previously mentioned concern of bias caused by potential reverse causality.
There is a large literature on the risks of getting biased estimates due to the potential reverse causality that is latent in ALMP analyses.
Human capital accumulation and reproductive decisions are either joint decisions, which result in a potential reverse causality problem or are both affected by unobservable factors, causing selection bias.
Therefore, regarding social support, the potential reverse causality has to be kept in mind.
The cross sectional studies were also vulnerable to potential reverse causality [ 15- 18, 23- 28].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com