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For the variance, we compared the variances of the two data sets with the Taylor-series solution given by Eq. (4), and with the modified ratio solution given by Theorem 2 with and without the correction (the final formula for corrected variance of the modified ratio was omitted due to its length, but see Section 4 for calculation details).
We used the "More Powerful" Quasi-Likelihood Score Test (MQLS) which accounts for relatedness between subjects using a corrected variance.
The MQLS, an improvement on the quasi-likelihood score test WQLS[ 32], is a case control test for allelic association that conditions on the pedigree structure using unconditional corrected variance to account for the relatedness amongst individuals.
More specifically, the correction factor γp was calculated to be 3.24 for the smolt material and 3.67 for the fry material; the uncorrected variance proportions were divided by this factor to obtain the corrected variance proportions.
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Appropriate selection of covariates is pertinent to correct variance modeling and selecting the appropriate covariates and variance function is vital to correlation structure selection.
The robust variance estimator was used to correct variances for correlations of repeated measures from the same state.
Schonlau et al. (2009) used the US Health and Retirement study to compare an Internet sample and general sample and found that adjustments helped to correct variances in sample means but that differences remained large on a number of parameters.
Schonlau et al. (2009) Methodological US Health and Retirement study Adjustments help to correct variances in sample means but differences between a general sample and an internet sample remain large on a number of parameters.
With atypically noisy replicate measurements, the corrected bias variance is defined as zero – allocating the observed variance to the least-complex source.
In this paper, a theoretical study on the normalization of the corrected phase variance index is conducted.
The optimal design obtained is shown in Figure 5 (right) along with the corresponding surface of corrected Kriging variance.
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