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As a positive control, PCR for the gene clpX, which is conserved in E. coli, Shigella, and the E. albertii/ S. boydii lineage, was performed as described (10 ), except a corrected primer sequence for clpX_28 (5′-TGG CGA CGTTGGG GGG CA-3′) (T.S. Whittam, unpub. data) was used.
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Data was interplate calibrated and corrected for primer efficiencies for each primer assay individually.
(We note that the reverse primer used for the 18 S V4 region (TAReuk- Rev3) may discriminate against Haptophytes, a bias which should be considered when using the data, and which has been corrected in primer sets described by Piredda et al.16).16
Conventional slab-gel IS typing for S. aureus has been described before [3], [6], [7], [8], and when we corrected for primer positions, we found that ten of the sixteen characteristic IS fragments that we found have previously been described by Gurtler et al [9].
Data following RT-PCR was corrected for primer efficiency by applying the formula: Corrected = EfficiencyCt.
Relative expression was determined using the ΔCt method corrected for primer efficiencies.
Crossing point data was corrected for primer efficiency (as determined by analysis of a standard dilution curve for a positive control) then normalized to expression of Gapdh.
Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS v16.0 (SPSS Inc) was performed on the delta-cycle threshold (dCt) values of the qPCR data corrected for primer efficiency.
Ct values were corrected for primer efficiency and normalized based on the formula described by Simon (2003) and using the geometric mean of the two reference genes (Vandesompele et al. 2002).
For each gene, the fold change expressed as the mean ± SD (% control) was calculated using the (standard curve) approximation corrected for primer efficiency and normalized to housekeeping gene actin expression values.
For each gene, the expressed as the mean ± SD (% control) was calculated using the (standard curve) approximation corrected for primer efficiency and normalized to housekeeping gene actin expression values.
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