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If the DEB rule is correct, rewards that differ in caloric returns should cause differences in foragers' sensitivity to risk.
The Chevrolet Volt is beginning to look like it was manufactured by Atlas Shrugged Motors, where the government mandates everything politically correct, rewards its cronies and produces junk steel.
defer.add img); Correct rewards: Rewards should be as small as possible: give a child an M&M, not an ice cream sundae.
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Each pair consisted of a correct (rewarded) object and an incorrect (unrewarded) object.
Thus, making correct reward preference decisions (see methods) was only possible after correctly discriminating novel and familiar stimuli.
When the vampire arrived at the correct reward feeder before the end of the stimulus presentation, it was rewarded with 0.25 ml of cattle blood provided by an automated syringe system under computer control.
Absence of reward elicited strikingly different electrocortical responses when it signaled that the previously reward-predicting choice was no longer valid (Extinction trials) than when it simply indicated non-delivery of reward despite correct choice (No-Reward trials) or when reward was delivered (Reward trials).
Notice that, if Pascal's Wager is correct, the reward for believing in God is infinitely good and the reward for not believing in him is infinitely bad.
From a practitioner perspective, performance evaluation can be an effective tool in providing objective feedback in order to validate their skills and practice or facilitate corrective action if poor skills are demonstrated, or as a medium to correct or reward performance [ 17, 20, 23, 24, 26, 34, 40].
Conversely, the simulated PR-based rats did better when playing against a Random than against a TFT opponent (unpaired two-tailed t-tests, Bonferroni corrected, for rewards p<0.0001 and for punishments p<0.01), whereas no difference between the simulated and the real game was found (p>0.01, Figure 2).
(2011) conducted behavioural tests in domestic chickens, Gallus gallus, through choice experiments using flickering and nonflickering stimulus windows with choice of the correct stimulus rewarded with food.
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