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NBG-10 graphite was developed as a candidate core structural material for the pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) currently being designed in South Africa, and for prismatic reactor concepts being developed in the USA and Europe.
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For this, the establishment of improved material properties for irradiated core structural materials in research reactors is essential.
Zircaloy-4 is widely used as nuclear core structural materials such as fuel cladding and guide tubes due to its very low absorption cross-section of thermal neutrons, good mechanical property and corrosion resistance.
Nuclear graphite is widely used as in-core structural material in the high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTRs).
These technologies include TRISO particle fuel, replaceable core structures, and consistent structural material selection for core structures and the primary and intermediate loops, and tube-and-shell primary-to-intermediate heat exchangers.
This chapter describes the effect of sodium, which is used as coolant in fast reactors, on corrosion and mechanical strength of core and structural materials.
In order to incorporate a procedure for the evaluation of the sodium environmental effects on core and structural materials into the elevated temperature structural design guide lines for fast breeder reactors, R&D on the sodium compatibility of the materials has been in progress in Japan Atomic Energy Agency.
The chapter first introduces the core and structural materials used in SFRs, and then describes the corrosion and mass transfer of the steels in sodium and the effects of sodium environment on the mechanical properties, as the corrosion issues relate to SFRs.
For the application of a structural material to a core's internals and a fuel cladding, the material should be evaluated in terms of its corrosion and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility.
Graphite is used in nuclear reactor cores as a neutron moderator, reflector and structural material.
The SiCf/SiC composite is a promising structural material candidate for fusion power cores and has been considered internationally in several power plant studies.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com