As fibrosis-related diseases share common pathological characteristics and core pathways, such as canonical Wnt cascade, these findings should open new avenues for the treatment of other fibrotic diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and kidney fibrosis, by targeting CD146.
Furthermore, we provide a review of classical as well as emerging cellular mechano-sensing and -transduction mechanisms underlying stem cell nanotopography sensitivity and also give some hypotheses in regard to how a multitude of signaling events in cellular mechanotransduction may converge and be integrated into core pathways controlling stem cell fate in response to extracellular nanotopography.
Some of those core pathways include the enteric nervous system (a part of the nervous system located within and governing the function of the gastrointestinal system), the vagus nerve (connecting the brain and gut), the immune system and hormones within the gut.
Finally, several published prognostic gene lists were analyzed for enrichment among the 304 GOBP and among the 36 core pathways, and using the hypergeometric distribution, significant overrepresentation of the core pathways was reported.
The 20 GOBP that had the highest number of appearances were assembled, for ER+ and ER−, yielding 36 "core pathways" (4 appeared on both lists).
These pathways were analyzed in detail along with two core pathways involved in multi-carbon growth, the TCA cycle and the pentose-phosphate pathway.
Genomic surveys show that the three main pathways are present in Brucella [38], and the mutations studied here affect key steps of the O-PS and core pathways as well as the synthesis of precursors.
Core pathways identified in invasive cells (Figure 7a, Tables S5 and S6) were most prominently related to AKT and PI3Kinase, integrins, laminins, TGFβ, JAK/STAT & interferon signaling, hedgehog signaling, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP13).
Moreover, several arbitrary and unjustified thresholds were used for selection of GOBP to be tested and for identification of enriched GOBP; the sets of enriched GOBPs obtained for each pair of prognostic gene lists were not compared directly, but each was compared to the list of core pathways defined above; only one database of biological pathways and processes was used for the study.
Tsetse metabolism is simplified down to its core pathways.
Three of the pathways did not have genes identified, leaving 9 core pathways informative.
