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Thermal convection is driven by secular cooling or the latent heat released upon inner core freezing.
The most likely source of global contraction is a combination of thermal contraction (caused by cooling) and a volume change through solidification of parts of the core, with core freezing contributing more effectively.
The entropy balance also illustrates the importance of core freezing for a dynamo because compositional buoyancy is not limited by the thermodynamic (Carnot) efficiency factor ( left raisebox{1ex}{$1$} left/ !raisebox{-1ex}{${T}_c$}right.-raisebox{1ex }right.-raisebox{1exx{-1ex}{$1$} left/right) ).
Alternatively, when convection is dominantly chemical, Ra can be defined based on the rate of light elements release into the outer core due to inner core freezing as (Olson 2007a) Ra = frac{beta g_{0} D^{5} dot{chi}} {kappa nu^{2}} (10).
The final internal control parameter is ε, the sink (or source) term that appears in the co-density equation (Christensen and Wicht 2007), which parameterizes the effects of mixing of light elements in the outer core due to inner core freezing, secular cooling of the outer core, and radioactivel heat sources.
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Scientists who model the dynamo which arises as iron in Earth's liquid core freezes out and cools via convection will be surprised by the findings because their models generally predict a dynamo beginning within the past 3.5 billion years.
These dynamo models assume an Earth-like dynamo with inner-core freezing starting at the center.
As a consequence, when the core has cooled sufficiently to reach the liquidus at the center, iron will crystallize and an inner-core nucleus will form; upon further cooling, the core will freeze from the inside out.
The deepest layer of the core was frozen 800,000 years ago.
"You're cold, you're shivering, you feel like your core is frozen.
From that point in time, the core will freeze in eutectic composition.
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