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This may potentially be due to the specific environment where priming occurs, some activity of an HCV-derived protein such as core, defects in antigen-presentation, or a liver-specific "tolerance" effect.
Despite similar weight loss as sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass uniquely restores pancreatic β-cell function and reduces truncal fat, thus reversing the core defects in diabetes.
The currently available treatment options target at least three core defects in diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity, improving insulin resistance, or impeding secretion of glucagon.
Of the core defects in T2DM (20), pioglitazone improved both the MI of SI and the insulin secretion/insulin resistance (disposition) index, which represents the gold standard for β-cell function (Fig. 4).
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Because insulin resistance is a core defect in T2DM and exacerbates the decline in β-cell function, medications also should ameliorate insulin resistance in muscle/liver.
Insulin resistance is a core defect in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and the condition is associated with increased risk for diabetes already in early adulthood (1– 4).
Ro 04-6790 also reversed impairment in learning consolidation produced by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801, and the antagonist PRX-07034 restored the impairment of novel object recognition in the social isolation rearing model, both of which showed behavioral changes that resemble the core defects observed in schizophrenia [ 11].
In summary, the results of the current study demonstrate that Mexican American subjects with HbA1c >6% manifest both core defects of type 2 diabetes in severe form (44 and 74% decrease in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, respectively).
Insulin resistance in muscle/liver and β-cell failure represent the core defects (7, 8).
Reduced insulin sensitivity and beta cell dysfunction represent the core pathophysiological defects in type 2 diabetes (2).
Insulin resistance in the liver and muscle and islet β-cell failure represent the core pathophysiological defects in type 2 diabetes (32, 33).
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