In contrast to existing models, e.g. the high-order sandwich panel theory (HSAPT), the new models are able to accurately predict axial and shear stresses in stiff cores and intermediate FRP laminate layers.
In this paper, new analytical models for predicting axial and shear stresses in multilayer sandwich structures composed of stiff core layers and intermediate laminates are presented.
Across the large spectra of core and CplusT lengths that were tested, the highest % phased in each of the datasets was obtained with relatively short core lengths and intermediate CplusT lengths (results not shown because the patterns were very similar to those for the simulated datasets).
Similar to the 60 k density, small-sized cores and intermediate-sized CplusT gave the best results for the 300 k density, with the best results being obtained for a core of 400 SNP and a CplusT of 1200 SNP.
Starting from 6 weeks post-injection, only GBM cells derived from the core and the intermediate layer were able to generate tumours in mice.
In some experiments, GBM cells derived from the core and the intermediate layer were treated either with TMZ (500 μM; Sigma-Aldrich, St . Louis MO, USA) used alone for 48 h or added following 5 days of incubation with BMP2 (10 ng/ml, Immunological Sciences, Rome, Italy).
First, as noted above, IHR 2005 requires state parties to build and maintain core local, intermediate, and national surveillance capabilities (article 5.1, annex 1).
GBM cells derived from the core and from the intermediate layer were transfected using a protocol for transient transfection of adherent cells using Effectene reagent (Qiagen).
We previously found that TMZ impacts tumour cell survival only in GBM cells derived from the peripheral layer of the tumour mass, being ineffective in cells derived from the core and from the intermediate hypoxic layer.
To test the pro-differentiating effects on GBM cells derived from the core and from the intermediate layer, cyliary neurotrophic factor (10 ng/ml, R&D Systems), B27 (1:50, Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA), Neurotrophin-3 (10 ng/ml, R&D Systems), foetal bovine serum (1%, Gibco) and LiCl2 (1 mM, Sigma-Aldrich) were added either alone or combined as indicated in Supplementary Figure S2.
