They are copying functional systems found in nature to provide cooling, generate energy and even to desalinate water.
Presence in multiple copies, functional crosstalk, differential binding affinity, and posttranslational modifications are some of the key factors that might regulate the biological functions of Alba family proteins.
In addition, because Glp1r is only partially duplicated it is not clear that the extra copy is functional as discussed above.
Pseudogene, disabled copy of functional gene, plays a subtle role in gene expression and genome evolution.
A significant marker-trait correlation indicates that the recombinants retained a copy of functional dormancy/plant height gene on the marked heterozygous region.
In Ca. K. galatii one of the copies (ST1E_0192) is present as a pseudogene, whereas both copies seem functional in the remaining four TPE genomes.
To investigate its physiological roles, the gain-of-function approach was employed, by which extra copies of functional Umodl1 were introduced into the mouse genome.
We cannot discern whether all of the copies are functional given the limited gene expression information available.
Mice carrying extra copies of functional Umodl1 were generated by BAC transgenesis.
However, it also seems possible that both copies are functional genes in T. tripolitanus mitochondria.
Alleles containing additional copies of functional CYP2D6 genes were categorized as UM.
