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Pseudogenization of the ancestral copy constitutes gene relocation.
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This action and the creation of a copy constitute a materialized view for a query, and vice versa.
The question in this case is whether the unauthorized importation of foreign-made copies constitutes copyright infringement under U. S. law.
Not all copying constitutes infringement, however, see Feist, 499 U.S. at 361, 111 S.Ct. at 1296, and therefore we have emphasized that the substantial similarity analysis "must focus on similarity of expression, i.e., material susceptible of copyright protection". Beal, 20 F.3d at 459, n. 4; see also Leigh [v.
Defendant cites the testimony of one of plaintiff's witnesses in which he admits to continuous knowledge of Kinko's anthologizing since 1984 and his "general" perception that Kinko's copying constituted infringement.
Their total copies constituted 45.3% of the LTR retrotransposon sequences.
EhSINE1 (445 copies) and EhSINE2 (256 copies) constitute the majority of the SINE population of E. histolytica.
Single copy reads constituted 85.3%, 85.6%, and 84.7% of unique reads in flowers, leaves, and PRSV infected leaves, while reads with over 10 copies constituted only 1.4%, 1.2%, and 2.3% of the unique reads.
Long-term TE evolution can readily be reconstructed in eukaryotes, thanks to many degraded copies constituting genomic fossil records of past TE proliferations.
Entamoeba species have several types of LINEs, which probably diverged from a common ancestor; more than 740 copies constitute 11% of the E. histolytica genome [ 2].
Macroarray analysis using the retrotransposon IFG-7 (the most abundant repeat in the sequenced BAC) as a probe indicates that IFG-7 is found in roughly 210,557 copies and constitutes about 5.8% or 1.26 Gb of LP nuclear DNA; this DNA quantity is eight times the Arabidopsis genome.
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