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Males switched between the three tactics, being more likely to attend a lek when the copulation rate the previous day was high or when fewer females were available after nesting had started.
Under this scenario, mating would have been concentrated at the beginning of the observation period, and the per female copulation rate estimate would be close to one.
We found that the 3 crosses had a similar copulation rate (χ = 2.36, df = 2, P = 0.31; Figure 4).
(D ) Ectopic expression of mSP in fru + reproductive tract neurons reduces virgin female copulation rate, even when neurons are mutant for Hr39.
Dreghorn males had a lower copulation rate, lower display rate, and lower theft rate, and they received less rainfall during the experiment (rainfall: Dreghorn, 0 mm; Townsville, 10 mm; N.R. Doerr, unpublished data, Queensland Bureau of Meteorology, personal communication).
The copulation rate was higher, though not significantly, when males were supplemented (0.09 ± 0.11 copulations per day) than under control conditions (0.02 ± 0.08 copulations per day; Z = −1.859, n = 14, P = 0.063).
Similar(52)
Females do not copulate preferentially at territories that received high copulation rates in previous years [22], and cluster locations are unrelated to habitat characteristics or non-breeding female densities [21].
Those males showed high rates of aggression toward females throughout estrus, despite achieving high copulation rates, demonstrating a continuing conflict of interest over the exclusivity of mating access.
Consistent with this hypothesis is the observation that women's preference for the odour of men with low fluctuating asymmetry (a correlate of testosterone-facilitated trait size and developmental stability) increases with the probability of conception across the menstrual cycle5.Symmetrical men report more extra-pair copulation partners6, and extra-pair copulation rates peak in midcycle7.
High-quality males (males with high copulation rates) maintain nearly constant territorial and courtship displays during the mating season.
Hence observed copulation rates in the field will partly reflect the true degree of male mating harassment, as we have previously argued [15].
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