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In some species, copulation takes place immediately after enough of the sun's rays have been absorbed to permit the development of an interest in the surroundings; in others, copulation is the final act before entering hibernation, and the sperm remain dormant in the hibernating female.
The authors concluded that the main cost to females and benefit to males of a prolonged copulation is the extended latency to female remating, consistent with the 'extended mate guarding hypothesis' [ 49, 50].
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(G ) D. arizonae copulation is suppressed in the presence of TAGs alone (n = 28; Fisher's exact probability test, p=0.0287) or TAGs combined with long OAcs (n = 28; p<0.0001), but not long OAcs alone (n = 28; p=0.0543).
Copulation is attempted repeatedly by the male before the female becomes receptive.
The Swedish vulgarism for copulation is fucka, similar to the Norwegian fukka.Jan KarlenFinspang, Sweden.
The frequency with which females call during copulation is therefore predicted by the degree to which male monopolisation of females occurs.
In a few mammals (reflex ovulators) the stimulus of copulation is essential for release of the ovulatory hormone.
Copulation is typically initiated by the female giving a soft dee-dee-dee call to the male.
However, males appear to hold the upper hand in the co-evolutionary cycle, since deception is only discovered after the copulation is initiated.
Since the copulation is not preceded by any kind of visual display, female choice appears to be, at least predominantly, based on information obtained from the male sex pheromone (E. Strohm, M. Kaltenpoth, J. Kroiss unpublished data).
If thinking about parental copulation is a bit close to the bone, then we can at least use unfortunates like Giggs to explore the lite version and consider some less familiar couples in the sack.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com