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The number of sperm present 1 and 3 days after copulation did not differ significantly in the SEV (t14 = 0.88, p = 0.39) or the SPV (t14 = 1.06, p = 0.36).
The number of sperm present 1 and 3 days after copulation did not differ in the SEV (t16 = 1.28, p = 0.22), but did differ in the SPV (t16 = 2.92, p = 0.010).
As a negative control, we attempted to identify unlabeled proteins from a female that had undergone N labeling for three weeks and was paired with a male for approximately 20 hours, but where copulation did not take place, as confirmed by the absence of a copulatory plug.
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Copulation does not occur in the absence of this chemical display.
In further contrast to D. melanogaster, where seminal fluid increases egg laying behaviour but shortens female lifespan [ 22, 22], in S. cynipsea copulation does not appear to enhance egg laying [ 38] or be otherwise toxic for females, although in another study longer copulations did reduce the number of offspring a female produced [ 52].
Genital licking was observed in 14 of 20 copulations, whereas six copulations did not involve licking behavior (Fig. 1).
The mean durations of copulations did not significantly differ between the four trials (ANOVA on trials 1 to 4, male ID as random effect: F3,59 = 2.47, p = 0.074).
Failed copulations do not result from differences in song patterning decisions.
Interrupted copulations do not result in sperm transfer, although they may lead to the transfer of seminal fluid [40].
MICE from which all food was withheld for 48 h from th e end of the third to the end of the fifth day after finding copulation plugs did not litter1.
In our sample, copulation calls did not lead to increased levels of aggression towards the mating pair.
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