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Copper depletion was observed at both the grain boundary and the dislocation loops.
Another parameter that must be emphasized is the finishing procedures which has been applied during alloy manufacture such as silvering, copper depletion, burnishing as a polishing technique, etc. [1, 29 31].
Since this transcription factor controls the expression of the high-affinity transporter PaCTR3, copper uptake in the mutant is restricted to a low affinity uptake system and results in cellular copper depletion [10], [18], [19].
It was shown that all processes leading to cellular copper depletion result in cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) deficiency due to the dependence of this respiratory chain complex on copper as a cofactor.
Copper depletion downregulates APP promoter activity [ 22].
In contrast, Mac1 activates the expression of Cu+ uptake factors during copper depletion.
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The purpose of this study was to measure effects of chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) depletion on lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens in diabetes-prone BHE/cdb rats.
The NIT1 promoter is induced by ammonium starvation [12], the CA1 promoter by low CO2 [13], whereas the CYC6 promoter is induced by copper (Cu) depletion or nickel (Ni) or cobalt addition [14].
Several chemically regulated promoters have been described in Chlamydomonas: the Nitrate Reductase (NIT1) promoter, induced by ammonium starvation [ 11]; the Carbonic Anhydrase (CAH1) promoter, induced by low CO2 [ 12]; and the Cytochrome C6 (CYC6) promoter, induced by copper (Cu) depletion or nickel (Ni) addition [ 13, 14].
Here it is noteworthy to mention that the copper-depletion mutant grisea in which ∼80% of the electrons in the electron transport chain flow via the AOX [6] displays an increase in lifespan of only ∼60% [1], [2] in comparison to about 100% of the newly constructed transformants described in this paper.
Potentially, Fe-SP-mediated ROS generation may exert synergistic effects when combined with other agents, thought to modulate the antioxidant functions of cancer cells, for example 2-methoxyestradiol (SOD inhibitor), tetrathiomolybdate or ATN-224 (copper-depletion agents to target Cu/Zn SOD) and buthionine-sulfoximine (inhibitor of glutathione/GSH synthesis).
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