Sentence examples for copies were performed from inspiring English sources

ELISAs and real-time PCR for detection of serum HBsAg, HBeAg and viral DNA copies were performed as described (Fan et al., 2013).

Statistical tests for differential expression of genomic repeat copies were performed by the R Bioconductor DESeq package.

Data back-up activities, like storing data at different places and putting data in different formats (hard and soft copies) were performed to prevent data loss.

Tests for gene conversion amongst S. scrofa coding HSFY copies were performed using GENECONV (http://www.math.wustl.edu/~sawyer) to identify silent polymorphic sites.

The quantitative PCR method for measuring the relative genome copies was performed as described in [ 64].

Absolute quantification of target gene copies was performed by qPCR using SYBR Green I Mix (Roche, Mannheim, Germany).

Alignment of the gene copies was performed using ClustalW via the EBI website [ 38], and ClustalX used to generate each tree using the Saitou/Nei NJ algorithm.

Multiple alignment of satellite copies was performed with MAFFT (Katoh and Standley 2013) and corrected by hand with Jalview (Waterhouse et al. 2009).

Clustering of raw CNV data into bins representing zero, one, two, three or four copies was performed by application of mclust, which permits a Gaussian finite mixture modeling via the expectation-maximization algorithm [ 39].

The rationale behind this analysis is that because of the various stages in Chlamydiae infections (infectious and persistent cycles) we hypothesize that the different GroEL protein copies are performing distinct functions, as their expression levels are different.

That is, h k +1 is obtained by copying segments from h1,…, h k ; a crossover or a gene conversion can change the haplotype from which copying is performed.