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The standard curves were established by using tenfold serial dilutions of the standard ssRNA ranging from 10 to 10 copies to determine the end-point limit of detection and for the one-step real-time qRT-PCR assays.
The vector genome per cell of transduced human embryonic stem cells was calculated from genomic DNA of 100,000 transduced K562WASPKO cells and tenfold increasing amounts of plasmid DNA (from 10to1010 copies) to determine the standard curve.
Meanwhile, we used Nsp arrays and supervised data on different numbers of DNA copies to determine copy numbers in more extended representations such as '3 or 4' copies or '>4' copies (10) [ambiguity in the 'or' representation was resolved by use of the phasing tool (10) in a subsequent procedure].
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Always look at photographer's portfolio (online or a hard copy) to determine if their style of head shots photography is right for them.
To compare the protein expression of omp9 between A. marginale omp10::himand and wild-type, the number of organisms per sample was quantified by qPCR using the opag2 single copy gene to determine the copy number of A. marginale.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01581.006 One distinguishing feature of these regions is high copy number; to determine whether copy number amplification can drive RNAi, we examined MAL32 which has a clearly defined antisense RNA that is co-expressed with the sense mRNA.
Berries of four cultivars were sampled at eight developmental stages in order to quantify cumulative expression of the F3'5'H gene family and relative contribution of individual F3'5'H copies, and to determine anthocyanin profiles.
We then downregulated the mtDNA copy number to determine the impact on apoptosis and related mechanisms.
We use the tRNA-gene copy number to determine which codons are favored, as in [ 12, 25, 28].
To complement OD600 measurements, we quantified alkB gene copy numbers to determine the population dynamics of bacteria harboring an alkane degradation potential in the consortia.
Based on these results using the criterion of either 8q24 or 3q26 copy gains to determine cell abnormality would provide the best overall capability in detecting aneusomy.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com