Left Desk: this is a virtual version of a DJ desk on your left that copies the functions of a conventional phonogram.
Gene modules may arise from duplications of a single gene, whereby the copy retains the function of the pre-duplication gene (aflF/ aflE) or partitions the ancestral function (aflA/aflB).
Gene modules may have arisen from duplications of a single gene whereby the copy retained the function of the pre-duplication gene, as observed with the nor reductase genes, aflF/ aflE [ 17].
Although the medial and lateral collateral ligaments can be balanced sufficiently to provide stability, restoring or copying the functions of the cruciate ligaments remains a major problem [ 9, 10].
For example, gene duplication may often be followed by subfunctionalization [ 5], where each of the two gene copies takes over the function of the ancestral gene in part of the tissues of the ancestral gene.
In the longer term, a homeostatic set-up might allow for rapid functional divergence of one copy without affecting the function of the other.
The actual copy number is the function of parameters that include the variable ANILFR, and two constants, the ploidy and the background.
While this single conserved copy likely preserves the function of endochitinase, we hypothesize that the other divergent endochitinase-like proteins could have adopted new functions to digest cellulose.
Any subsequent acquisition of genetic differences between the gene copies can alter the chances of both copies being preserved and might change the function of the encoded proteins and result either in gene loss, 'neo-functionalization' [ 38] or 'sub-functionalization' [ 43].
The function of copying is to produce from one token another token which is similar in the relevant respects.
