Subfunctionalization could lead to a molecular signature of roughly equal rates of symmetrical evolution of paralogs if both copies equally divide ancestral subfunctions [ 30, 47].
These regions contain DNA sequence signals for essential functions, such as packaging the DNA within the nucleus, copying DNA into RNA, replicating the genome, and distributing the two genome copies equally to daughter cells at cell division.
It is apparent that both pupils have copied equally well syllable features from their tutor.
One potential molecular mechanism is the between-copy gene expression divergence, e.g. in human, both of the RHOXF2 copies are equally expressed in the testis, but only one copy is expressed in the adult brain.
GC, then, would have the secondary role of keeping the sequences of the duplicates similar enough that both copies function equally well in the ribosome and the nucleosome, both of which are tightly interacting and essential complexes.
Our analysis showed an impact of HIV-RNA replication at 12 months on the direction of the CD4 cell count slope; thresholds of 10,000 or 5,000 copies were equally predictive of the direction of the CD4 cell count slope in the adjusted analysis.
(ii) The Equal-Contribution-Model assumes that each allelic copy contributes equally to fitness, so that selection coefficients are reduced and mutation rates are increased proportionally to the ploidy level.
Under Ohno's model, since paralogs were considered to be functionally redundant at birth, either copy is equally likely to embark on a novel evolutionary trajectory while its sister copy maintains the ancestral function [ 1].
A large proportion of the reduction events affect single genes, so that a paralog pair loses one of its members, with either copy being equally likely to disappear, through pseudogenization preceded possibly by suppression of transcription or other silencing mechanism, or through actual deletion of all or most the exonic DNA from the gene.
Therefore, coexpression of homoelogous genes revealed by microarray analysis (or other methods) does not guarantee that both gene copies are treated equally by the genome, as mRNA sequence variations cannot be detected using these approaches.
These duplicate copies are not equally distributed among genesets (5 in geneset I, 3 in geneset III) but only account for a small additional amount of analyzed sequence 1-2%% of total) per geneset and hence were included in analysis.
