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Still, template dilution experiments indicated that even a modest increase in the number of DNA copies displayed on the bead could allow a significant increase in protein expression.
Similarly, maize inbred lines and aneuploid chicken cells, containing different numbers of rRNA copies displayed the same levels of rRNA transcription [14], [15].
These values can be translated to the number of redox active enzyme copies displayed per bacterium that varied between ∼160 000 copies for bacteria displaying mutant D314Az and ∼480 000 copies for bacteria displaying mutant V66Az.
This comparison revealed not only which genomic DNA copy was expressed but also that the non-expressed copies displayed evidence of pseudogenization by having acquired numerous point mutations, insertions, and deletions likely resulting in gene loss through sequence degeneration.
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In its sixth week of availability, the record moved 157,000 copies, displaying stronger sales than its debut week.
Only copies displaying hits on both strands were kept.
In S. meliloti, the currently existing RmInt1 copies display considerable sequence conservation (>99% identity).
On the other hand, orc1/cdc6.2 copies display much faster evolutionary rates, lies in a non-conserved genomic context, and show inconsistent phylogenetic placement close to Crenarchaeota (Additional file 2: Figure S3).
Surprisingly, the rice Route66 copies display more than 95% sequence identity with those found in Sorghum bicolor, which is unexpected given the date of their radiation, i.e. more than 50 Mya [ 19].
Finally, arrays with copies displaying different patterns in variation were exceptions that proved the rule: copies within homogeneous repeat structures conformed to a pattern indicative of concerted evolution, while others physically segregated from the repetitive region retained orthology with loci in other species.
Most of these genes were intact, even in the duplicate copies; however, both the sole nad1 and the rps3 copy displayed deviations from expectations for intact genes (compared to G. hirsutum, the G. barbadense mitochondrial genome contains extra nad1b and nad1c exons.
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